The Role of Advertising Appeals, Role of Celebrity ...

IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) e-ISSN: 2278-487X, p-ISSN:2319-7668, PP 52-57 www.iosrjournals.org The Role of Advertising Appeals, Role of Celebrity Expert in T.V Advertising Attitude 1 Muhammad Rizwan, 2Shahzaib Pirzada, 3Ansar Sohail, 4Muhammd Nadeem, 5 Waqas Murid Lecturer, Department of Management Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan Students of MBA, Department of Management Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan 1 2,3,4,5 Abstract: The importance of our research work is for marketing and advertising concerns that how they can make their advertisement more effective and efficient. It also gives direction for marketing managers and advertisers for the†¦show more content†¦The major aim of advertising is to impact on buying behavior; however, this impact about brand is changed or strengthened frequently in people’s memories. Memories about the brand consist of those associations that are related to brand name in consumer mind. Doing so advertiser creates those types of advertisements, which carry emotional bond with consumer. Therefore, that consumer is more likely to associate with advertisements of those brands, which have emotional and rational values and messages. Because emotional and rational appeals also provide a strong brand cue and stimulate category-based processing. Advertisers use different appeals in advertisements which arouse the viewer’s emotions which creates purc hase intention for product. They use different psychological barriers, celebrities, models, create persuasive attractive environment which directly impacts on viewers mind and customer’s purchase intention. In Print advertising New dimensions in Business and Management Research Department of Management Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan 52 | Page The Role Of Advertising Appeals, Role Of Celebrity Expert In T.V Advertising Attitude tends to be logical, and television advertising tends to be emotional or rational in its appeal. The impact of advertisements in Pakistan can easily observed, people copy the style and dresses of actress, actors, female modelsShow MoreRelatedFashion Supply Chains Are Buyer Driven and Characterised by Tiered Production Networks Involving Countries That Offer a Combination of Low Labour Costs, Relevant Skills and Production Capacity. During the Past 20 Years,7846 Words   |  32 PagesMarketing communications is the combination of activities centred on the promotional mix, this is made up of the marketing tools such as; – ADVERTISING This helps to inform, remind, persuade, and change attitudes of the consumers. 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Comparing the Poetry of Gary Snyder and Ruth Stone Essay

Comparing the Poetry of Gary Snyder and Ruth Stone Gary Snyder is not only a poet, but a preacher of sorts. His poems carry powerful messages about getting back to your roots. His poems contain strong themes of anti-consumerism and spirituality. Facts is a short piece consisting of facts on consumerism in America. This piece warns of the dangers of over consumption and lack of moderation. In some cases, however, Snyder does appear far too extreme in his views, like in By Frazier Creek Falls where is says We could live on this Earth / Without clothes or tools. This theme of primitivism is a common theme in Snyders poetry. Many of his poems are about nature and the uncivilized world. the settings of his poems are†¦show more content†¦Stone is similar to Snyder in the sense that they both believe that the human race should not lose track of our place in the Earth. They are both telling us that we should not allow consumerism and technology sidetrack us from spirituality and family and nature. Stone uses her own personal experiences for the basis of much of her poetry. Plumbing is a poem about getting her toilet fixed! Another poem, Simplicity, is a poem that describes getting water in the winter when the pipes the lead into her house are frozen. On a literal level, both of these poems are about relatively trivial events in her life, but there are much deeper meanings concealed inside the poems. Snyders poems are also often centered around his own personal life experiences, which he also uses as a foundation to focus in on a message. The Bath is a narrative poem that describes a scene in which Snyder is bathing with his wife and children. He describes the acts of washing, and describes the area surrounding the tub. This poem shows how important the simple things in life can be. Its also a poem about purification, and about spending time with family members. I believe that Ruth Stone would appreciate this kind of though. After all, one of her collection of poems is titled Simplicity. Snyders poems offer solutions to the problem of having an overly complicated

How to Become a Good Parent Free Essays

In this world, parents consider as torchlight for their children. Parents try to do everything for their children whether it is hard or easy for them. Parents gave them directions how to start their new life by themselves. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Become a Good Parent or any similar topic only for you Order Now To become a good parent, a person must have all good qualities which are necessary for their children. There are various steps to become a good parent. The first step is to always take care of your children properly. Parents need to give food to children at proper time in an adequate amount. Never leave them alone till age of maturity. Always keep an eye on their daily activities. Parents also need to take information about their children such as who are their friends in schools and neighborhood. They must find out are they good natured students? The second step is that parents must tell their children what is good for them or what is bad. In this way, children can remain safe without anybody else’s care. If children have already known about bad things, they never do any bad habits. They will always remain far away from bad habits like smoking and gambling. Sometimes, some students start to do bad habits because nobody told them the difference between good and bad. However, parents must tell the disadvantages of bad habits to their children. The third step is to help them in their study. Parents always help their children at the time of any difficulty in their study. Also parents need to decide whether or not children need part-time tutor for their homework. If parents can’t help their children in any difficulties regarding studies, they need to ask the teacher to teach them again on parent’s day. The fourth step is to show your love and also gave them examples of their life experiences. Parents should not shout at their children in front of others. If they will be doing this, children felt their insult and it will lessen their love towards parents. Parents should always teach them in positive way which means with a lot of love. Parents never put so many burdens on their children so that they will become like a burning candle, for example- job along with study, house responsibilities. The fifth step is to teach children, how to survive in this complicated world. Parents teach their children, how to face the difficulties in their life. The guidance and motivation always remains in the mind of children forever because they learned guidance during growing up. Parents must teach their children to think deeply before doing anything, for example- While taking any decision regarding their life goals. In conclusion, by following these steps which are take care, recognizing of bad and good habits, helping them in their study, love, a person can become a good parent. These steps will make a good parent for children who are going to start a new life. The past experiences of parents become lessons for their children in future. How to cite How to Become a Good Parent, Papers

PESTLE And PORTERs Analysis of Mcdonalds Fast Food Chain

Question: Discuss about the McDonalds Analysis: PESTLE and PORTERs Analysis. Answer: Introduction: McDonalds is a very famous company based in U.S. and was founded by Maurice and Richard in the year 1940. It is one of the largest fast food chains of hamburgers. There are about 119 countries where McDonalds is present and it serves about more than 68 million customers each day. There are more than 34000 locations of McDonalds all over the world. McDonalds is a public company that is listed as MCD on NYSE. Some of the main products of McDonalds include hamburgers, soft drink, chicken, and coffee, salads, French fries, desserts and breakfasts. (Association, 2011)The position of McDonalds is as a global leader in the fast food restaurant market. The company is also present in Singapore and is located in 71 W coast Hwy etc food business could be understood in a better way in the country on 200 Stadium Boulevard. This report further includes the PEST analysis and the Porters five forces model analysis of McDonalds in Singapore so that the market environment of fast of Singapore. PEST Analysis One of the techniques for analyzing the external environment of a business is PEST analysis. The word PEST basically stands for Political, Economical, Social and Technological factor that affects the business. The PEST analysis of McDonalds is as follows: Political Factors: The business of the McDonalds was started in the year 1979. Currently there are 110 restaurants in Singapore and the company serves about 1.2 million people each weak. The operations of the McDonalds are influenced highly by the political situations of various states. (Murphey, 2000)The various changes that take place in the country affect the business of the McDonalds. The changes the affects the business of the McDonalds includes the changes in the labor laws, food administration, taxation and health related laws. While going through the political considerations of the Singapore it was found that Singapore is a bureaucratic country and all the political powers of Singapore are in the hands of the government. It is believed by the government of Singapore to communicate the efforts directly to its public rather than taking any kind of opinions from the public. The politics of the Singapore is a mixture or bureaucracy and democracy. (Roper, 2012)When we move towards the business of McDonalds then it can be seen that the company handles various political situations in its business operations. There are many problems that are being faced by the company at various places for examples the rules and regulations keep on changing from time to time due to the health implications of the fast food like the cholesterol and the obesity. It is not a difficult task for McDonalds to handle the political situations of the Singapore. Economical Factors: There are various industries all over the world that often attracts the economy of Singapore. Singapore has been ranked as the second most open economy by the Heritage Foundations Index. As seen to the macroeconomic terms it can be concluded that the economy of Singapore is highly stable.(Service, 2015) Singapore does not have any kind of foreign debt on itself and the revenue of the government is very high and is very surplus consistently. (Baraban, 2010)The economy of the Singapore was shown by the country during the financial crises. In the year 2007-08 the there was economic slowdown all over the world and in Singapore many companies slide down due to that slowdown but still Singapore showed economic stability.(Caterersearch, 2011) Also in the year 2010 Singapore was one of the emerging fastest growing economy in the world when many countries that were very powerful were struggling in the world, some of the countries that were struggling were Europe and U.S. The area of Singapore has very less resources and the area is also not very big. The important industries that often contribute in the economy of Singapore further development are: Tourism Exports of various machinery and electronic items Largest cargo seaport all over the world Financial services When considering the fast food business it can be very well said that the Singapore economy is very beneficial for this industry (fast food industry).(Franchises, 2011) Singapore has a very wide scope for the fast food sector for different kind of people as it is the tourist place. The rate at which the economy of Singapore is growing is estimated to be 4.9% and also the disposable income of Singapore is very high. The country has a GDP of $318.9 billion. The country attracts the fast food business due to its high GDP, per capita income and continuous growth. McDonalds has been very established in Singapore and covered its area in a very successful manner. Social Factors McDonalds deals with the socio-cultural issues in a very efficient manner. The quality of life in Singapore has helped McDonalds to be successful there as the people in Singapore lead a high quality of life. It is of the smallest country in the area of South east but it poses a best quality of life. The people with varied social and cultural background are present in Singapore. (Myownspunk, 2011)But the tourists who often visit Singapore come from different places and have different tastes and preferences. The Singapore has materialistic culture and the people often face constant pressure. The life of the people is maintained by 5Cs Car, Cash, Condo, Country club and Credit card. Though there was too much of stress in Singapore still it was named as one of the happiest countries in Asia. McDonalds does not have to face much of difficulty in doing its business in Singapore.(Rainsford, 2001) Technological factors A very big role is being played by the technology in the development of any country. As Singapore is very well developed in terms of technology so this helps the McDonalds in the marketing , distribution and production. The main advertising technique that is used by McDonalds is television commercials for the marketing of its products.(Gad, 2011) There are various developments in the internet facilities that has helped McDonalds in the establishment of its business. McDonalds Five forces Model The position of the McDonalds in the market is due to its very good response to the five forces in the industry environment. The porters five forces helps in the identification of the various external factors that influence the company.(Roy, 2011) The following intensities is yielded by the five forces analysis of McDonalds: Competition/ competitive rivalry (Strong) Threat of substitutes (Strong force) Bargaining power of the customers or the buyers ( strong force) The bargaining power of the suppliers (weak force) The threat of new entrants ( moderate force) Competitive rivalry (strong force) A very tough competition is being faced by the McDonalds due to the saturation of the fast food industry. The below mentioned external factors affects the competitive rivalry of the McDonalds: Low switching cost (very strong) High number of firms (strong force) The aggressiveness of the firms is also very high ( strong force) There are many firms of various sizes in the fast food industry like the global chains which includes McDonalds and various local mom and pop restaurants. Also there are various medium and large firms that keep on marketing their products. (Maybury, 2000)The switching costs of the customers of the McDonalds is very low that means that the customers can easily transferred to various other restaurants like Wendys. So, it can be concluded that this is a very strong force that affects the business of McDonalds. The bargaining power of the buyers/customers ( Strong Force) The power of the customers shall be dealt by the McDonalds significantly. This force deals with the demands and the influences of the customers. (Grundy, 2006)In the case of McDonalds following are the forces that affect the bargaining power of the buyers: High Availability of the substitutes (strong) The switching cost is low(strong) Large number of providers(strong) As its very easy to change from one restaurant to another which means that the switching cost is low in case of McDonalds the customers can easily move to other restaurants. As the saturation is there in the countries like Singapore the customers can easily shift from McDonalds to other restaurants if they are not satisfied.(Dobbs, 2014) It is required that the McDonalds develop various strategies so that the loyalty of the customers is maintained. Bargaining power of the suppliers of the McDonalds (weak force) There are various suppliers that influence the McDonalds. This element shows the impact that the suppliers have on the McDonalds. Following are the various factors: Low vertical integration(weak force) High overall supply(weak force) There is a large population of suppliers due to which the individual suppliers are affected; this is due to the lack of regional and global alliance of the suppliers.(Burke, 2010) According to this element it can be concluded that the power of the supplier is minimal for the McDonalds. Threat of the substitutes (Strong Force) One of the main concerns for the McDonalds is the threat of the suppliers. Following are the factor that affects this element: Low switching costs (strong force) High performance and cost ratio (strong force) High availability of the substitutes (strong force) There are lots of substitutes for the McDonalds, also consumers have the option for cooking their food by themselves and it is very easy for the consumers to shift to other substitutes at a low cost. Threat of new entrant (moderate force) The market share of the McDonalds can be impacted by the new entrants. Some of the external factors that are affecting this element are: Moderate cost of capital (moderate force) Low costs of switching (strong force) High cost of development of brand (weak force) As the cost of switching which is very low the consumers can easily shift from the McDonalds to other options. (Greogary, 2015)This shows that the threat of new entrants is moderate in the case of McDonalds and it shall take various steps to improve that. Recommendations: According to the PESTLE analysis of McDonalds it has been observed that there are various opportunities for the growth of the McDonalds. The company can take the opportunities by capitalizing on the technological strategies so that the productivity and the efficiency can be enhanced.(Gillespie, 2007) The Product quality of the McDonalds can also be improved so that the political or the socio-cultural factors can be enhanced. The indication given by the PEST analysis is that the company needs to develop various strategies to deal with the potential threats. There are various opportunities for the McDonalds if it expands its operations in the high-growth economies like the South-East Asian countries. Conclusion: At last it can be concluded that the McDonalds is the largest company in the business of fast food and it has a very well established business in all the parts or the countries of the world. In Singapore as well it has developed itself in a very well manner. The PEST analysis of the McDonalds in Singapore recommends that it is the recommended country to carry on the business of fast food as this country has a continuously growing economy. As the Singapore is tourism based country so there are very high amount of opportunities available for the successful running of the fast food business. The various political, social, economical and legal aspects are in favor of the fast food business. Though there are few factors according to the porters model that are not in favor of McDonalds but those factors can also be very well addressed by formulating and implementing the various strategies. The company has ample opportunities for expanding its operations in the high-growth economies that in cludes the South East Asian countries which can prove out to be very beneficial for the McDonalds. References Association, H. I. (2011). An Introduction to PESTLE Analysis. HIA Ltd. Baraban, R. (2010). Successful Restaurant Design. London: John Wiley Sons. Burke, A. v. (2010). Blue ocean vs. five forces. Harvard Business Review , 88(5), 28-29. Caterersearch. (2011). McDonalds restaurants. [Internet], Leeds, LeedsMetropolitanUniversity. Retrieved JUly 23, 2016, from https://www.mcdonalds.ca/en/aboutus/faq.aspx Dobbs, M. (2014). Guidelines for applying Porters five forces framework: a set of industry analysis templates. . Competitiveness Review, , 24(1)., 32-45. Franchises. (2011). McDonalds. [Internet], Leeds, LeedsMetropolitanUniversity. Retrieved July 23, 2016, from https://franchises.about.com/b/2011/05/26/mcdonalds-renovations.htm Gad. (2011). Population prediction. [Internet], Leeds, LeedsMetropolitanUniversity. Retrieved July 23, 2016, from https://www.gad.gov.uk/Documents/Demography/Projections/2000-based_National_population_projections.pdf Gillespie, A. (2007). PESTEL analysis of the macro-environment. Foundations of Economics,. USA: Oxford University Press. Greogary, L. (2015). Panmore Institute. Retrieved July 23, 2016, from https://panmore.com/mcdonalds-five-forces-analysis-porters-model Grundy, T. (2006). Rethinking and reinventing Michael Porters five forces model. . Strategic Change, , 15(5), 213-229. Maybury, M. T. (2000). Five forces. In System Sciences,. Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Hawaii International Conference on , Vol. 4, pp. 579-588. Murphey, M. . (2000). UCF Research Guides. Industry Analysis. PESTLE Analysis. . Business Horizons, , 17(5), 27-38. Myownspunk. (2011). Hamburger-Robot. [Internet], Leeds, LeedsMetropolitanUniversity. . Retrieved July 23, 2016, from https://www.myownspunk.com/robots/lego-hamburger-robot Rainsford, P. (2001). The restaurant start up guide. London: Kaplan professional company. Roper, K. (2012). BIM Implementation: PESTEL Drivers Barriers. (Cross-national Analysis). In World Workplace . Roy, D. (2011). Strategic Foresight and Porters Five Forces. . New York: GRIN Verlag. Service, U. S. (2015). United States Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service. Retrieved July 23, 2016, from https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/food-markets-prices/food-service-industry/market-segments.aspx

Ideal Age Paper free essay sample

One will fall into one of Marcia’s identity statues: identity diffusion, identity foreclosure, moratorium, and identity achievement. With finding out who you are and taking on new challenges in this stage you are consistently moving backward and forwards. Than after you have figured out who you want to be, you look for love and a career. Early adulthood in my opinion is the most important and best time of your life. The first reason I think that early adulthood is the ideal age is because in this age everything is new and exciting. After you graduate high school you get to leave the nest and go off to college and make something of yourself. It is s a time of growth and change and therefore, of confusion, self-doubt and insecurity, but it will make the person you going to be. â€Å"The college and post-college years can be an incredibly exciting time as one looks ahead and plans for the future. We will write a custom essay sample on Ideal Age Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, the options can sometimes feel overwhelming† (1). As I said before in early adulthood you are constantly moving backward and forward. As Belsky said, â€Å"early adulthood is testing out different possibilities, focusing on self-development, and feeling in between†. This may be why early adult hood to me may be the most exciting because it is one on the hardest times of your life because everything is new, but its so new its exciting. The second reason I think early adulthood is the ideal age is because you figure out who you are in this stage of your life. In the book Belsky said that we are transforming our childhood self into the person were going to be as adults and he called this process the search for identity. You learn responsibility and learn that you have to take on your new role in life as an adult. This is one of the most important things in life, finding out who you are and where you fit in the world, that’s why early adulthood is so important. Also since this period in your life is so important serious conditions, such as violent events, depression and eating disorders, can negatively impact early adults and hurt the finding of your identity (2). On the path to finding identity four different identity statues come up. The first is identity diffusion where teens are transition into adulthood with no goals and life has no appeal. The second is identity foreclosure, where they uncritically adopt a life handed down to them by some authority. The third is moratorium, which is engaged in the exciting, healthy search for adult life. And the fourth is identity achievement, the end point where one finally knows what they want to be as an adult. This process can be so exciting and stressful but when you look back you will realize it was all worth it to get to the person you want to become. The third and most important reason why I think early adulthood is the best age group is because you find love in this stage. This is Erikson’s second emerging adult task, intimacy or finding committed love. Over the decades it has changed dramatically in recent decades. In the book Belsky spells out a three-stage process leading to marriage called Stimulus-value-role theory. First we select a potential partner who looks appropriate, the stimulus phase. Then the value-comparison phase, we find out whether that person shares our interests and worldviews. Then finally during the role phase we plan our lives together. Homogamy is the main principle in this theory. Finding love is so important and fun because with out it you could spend your whole life alone. Then once you find love to keep it you just have to follow Sternbug’s triangular theory of love. Which is passion, intense, physiological desire for another person, intimacy self-disclosure leading to connection, warmth, trust and commitment staying with that person through thick and thin (3). In conclusion early adulthood from your twenties to forties is the ideal age. Physically, it is a time where we are our healthiest and will reach our peak performance. Cognitively, it is a time to grow up and make life decisions. And emotionally, it is a time to take on roles of independence, lifestyles, and marriage (4). Also Seven out of 10 people aged 40 or older said that 33 was the best year of their lives, with many saying they had more fun and felt more optimistic and that age falls under early adulthood (5). Early adulthood is full of excitement and is the most important stage in your life. You find out who you are and you find love. So in my opinion thirty flirty and thriving are the best years of your life.

Bond Movie review Essays

Bond Movie review Essays Bond Movie review Essay Bond Movie review Essay Essay Topic: Catching Fire In every action film there is always at least one hero to save the day. They are usually accompanied by a member of the opposite sex who, through no fault of their own, has ended up stuck in the middle of some highly secretive operation. The James Bond films are, of course, no exception. An action film contains plenty of drama, action, stunts and usually a low level of wit and irony. In many films of this type the key to success is having very little dialogue. This therefore involves audiences from many different nationalities. Following the plot is made a lot easier with little dialogue. This seems to be apparent in most action films, however you do not see this in other genres of film such as romance and sci-fi. Crime films tend to use high amounts of dialogue, as, quite often, there is a tricky plot, which needs to be explained in as much detail and depth as possible. An action film not only has a hero but also a notorious villain, who for one reason or another is at large. In this type of film you can never get emotionally attached to a character, because their personalities are always so much different to that of your own. James Bond is a typical action hero in a typical action film. He has, as all action heroes must, changed over the years. The 1990’s saw huge transformations in the character of Bond. This had to happen because through out the years, people’s views, opinions and morals change. Things that appealed to women and men in pre-1990’s no longer appeal to them now. In Bond films, there are many things, which lure the audience in. Men are usually attracted to the action side of the film and the women involved, where as most women are attracted to the more sophisticated side of the hero and the comments that are made. The female actresses and how they are portrayed as bright, intelligent and brainy, quite often intrigue women. Men are also attracted to the technical side of things such as the gadgets and weapons used. They tend to get involved in the action. At the beginning of any film the first thing you will see is the certification of the film and the logo of the Production Company. In this case the certification is a 12 which means it is classed as family film, as it is a family film this means it will have a widely ranged target audience. As the film is of certificate 12 then no or few verbal obscenities will be used also there will be no explicit sex scenes or graphical obscenities such as high levels of violence. However there are some mild sex scenes and some violence. The violence used however is often portrayed in a comic strip style where you often only see the part before the act of violence and the final result. In many parts of the film Goldeneye. The violence and sex scenes are cut short so you know what has happened and you’ll find out the consequences either now or at a later point in the film. The united artists logo shows who the film has been produced by in this case it is a recognised company both in England and Hollywood. The fact that it is a recognised company makes the audience expect no less than its other productions. The film â€Å"Goldeneye† is made jointly with pound sterling and American dollars. It therefore has actors and actresses of both nationalities. This shows strong bonds between the Americans and British and appeals to audiences of both countries. This film would appeal to people across the globe as it contains highly detailed action sequences which on the whole make up for the little used of dialogue. The fact that it is made up of action sequence after action sequence makes it a whole lot easier for its international audience to understand and follow. The film also appeals to an international audience because it contains actors and actresses of many nationalities. The opening image in â€Å"Bond† is a familiarity to any true â€Å"Bond† fan. It sets the standard of the film and it has appeared on the screens of fans since the first film â€Å"Dr No† which was released in 1962. Maurice Binder designed it. The image is always accompanied by the 007-theme tune. This may vary in style and tempo throughout the films but it always has the same base for its melody. People hear the theme tune on their television screens and they automatically and quite rightly assume that Bond is on T.V. In this opening image you first see a plain black screen with one white circle appearing. Then, to the right of this another immerges. This process is repeated another six times. Although at the beginning you may wonder what the circles are you would probably think that they were something to do with the action and spy genre of the film. Perhaps the barrels of guns, several camera lenses, pairs of binoculars or possibly the viewfinder of a rifle. When only one circle is left on screen Bond is followed into its path and he quickly turns in an action hero type pose to shoot. This circle then turns into the inside of a barrel of a gun. This gun barrel is then covered in red as Bond fires. This most likely represents the blood of the person who tried to shoot Bond. The fact that there is so much black in this scene portrays the secrecy or maybe the sophistication of the character involved in this case Bond. It could also represent the darkness or evil being broken by light or good showing the black as evil and James Bond as the good. This image involves the audience right from the start using the actions that it does. For example when Bond turns to shoot it’s as if he’s turning to shoot at you. It could be an attempt to make the audience feel a part of the film. This also applies later on when the film begins to have a roller coaster affect and you feel that you are on that roller coaster with the characters in that scene. The establishing shot of the pre-credits sequence shows a plane flying low over a dam. This shot is a mixture of camera angles mainly high angle shots and very low shots. Most of the camera work is panned. The mixture of these angled shots give a roller-coaster effect and at times you feel you are either just above the plane or just below it. In this scene you feel as if you are on a roller coaster because you are seeing the scene in a panning shot which means it follows the action from one point rather than moving with it. It also gives the scene a huge feeling of perspective, you see that it is high above the ground as it shows the planes size in comparison with the dams size. The only sounds to be heard in this scene are that of the plane engines. This in its self creates tension as it breaks the silence that was present before. â€Å"The plane scene† shows the breath taking scenery you see in most Bond films. In this case the scene is set in the Contra dam near Locarno Switzerland instead of being near the Arkangel Chemical Weapons Facility in northern Russia. This location was probably chosen as it is surrounded by mountains and lush countryside. It is also in a remote location, which tends to be the setting for most action films as it gives the hero a chance to prove himself even more. The part of the pre-credit sequence when a figure dressed all in black is running along the top of the dam is important because you still don’t know who it is. You assume its Bond because the character seems calm and cool and extremely sophisticated and in control of the situation. He isn’t panting or out of breath in any way, which also builds up the image of an action hero, as they never seem to be defeated either mentally or physically, even when they are injured they carry on and succeed in any task or situation. Again there is little noise in this scene except the sound of running feet. This adds to the ever-growing tension because you still don’t know who this person is or what they are doing. The camera man/ woman in this particular series of shorts is running along behind the runner and it is jogging wildly. This is for more than one reason. The first reason that comes to mind is the fact that it is a point of view shot and so you see it as you would if y ou were running behind the character. The other reason that the camera is jogging wildly is that the person running isn’t actually the actor that plays bond but it is a stuntman named Wayne Michaels. When â€Å"Bond?† reaches the edge of the spot from where he will jump you see the distance he is going to jump and also see it from a point of view angle. This creates suspense and tension because you know what he’s going to do but you are just waiting for the reassurance that he’s going to do it. At this point you see that the actor is Bond and you know that what is about to happen I going to be dangerous. The bungee jump was the first jump ever to be attempted next to a wall of concrete. The stuntman, Wayne Michaels, had to do it from 640ft at an average speed of 100mph. In order to keep him away from the face of concrete in front of him he had to find a pocket of air to bounce him away from it. If he had timed anything wrong he would have had to do the whole jump again. The use of high and low angle shots in this scene adds to the roller coaster effect as it make s you feel you are there and involved in some way with the action. You feel the tension and know that something amazing is about to happen and then it does. The caption telling you where you are is a very important part of the film as it sets the scene and theme of the action. It specifies the place in which you are Arkangel Chemical Weapons Facility. It also tells you that you are in Communist Russia during the Glasnost period. You also now know that James Bond has something to do with it. The Piton and the laser gun, which are shot at the end of the jump, are the first two references to gadgets in the film. He pose straight after the jump is a typical Bond pose and it is the first time that the theme of iconography is brought out. Iconography is the idea of things associated with a character that for some reason is idolised. The pose with the gun and the tuxedo are only two of the things involved within the iconography. Iconic things are the bits and pieces that can make you recognise a character whit being told who it is for example James Bond â€Å"The names Bond, James Bond.† Also Arnold Swarzeneger and his well known phrase â€Å"I’ll be back.† Iconography plays an important part through ant film and the Bond films are no exception, they familiarise the audience with one or more characters. The Bungee jump itself is extremely important as it sets the pace for the film. Having sped the pace up the audience feel more engaged and settle to the idea of more excitement like that of which has just occurred. After breaking into the nerve gas storage plant via the Gents toilets Bond is shown in a close up. This is to show that Bond is the most important part in this scene and that all focus should be on him. This also distracts the audience from things that are going on all around Bond. This in itself brings the meeting of the mystery person in the darkened room as a shock. On his way to the room where he meets the mystery person you begin to realise the overwhelming odds against him. He is on his own with hundreds of guards patrolling the plant and yet he manages to miss every single one of them while on his travels. This adds to his role as fictional super hero because he will never die, he may be terribly injured on more than one occasion but he will never die. As Bond enters the darkened room the percussive sounds grow louder this creates tension and you know that something is about to happen, yet you are not sure exactly what. Then you hear some words spoken in a foreign language, wh ich you assume, are Russian. At first you think he has been caught and yet then Bonds reply tells you that he knows the person. He says, â€Å"I’m alone.† This response is delivered again in a cool and calm way. There is no sign of faltering in his voice. This would probably put the audience more at ease knowing that Bond is still in control of the situation. As the mystery person emerges into the light that Bond was and still is standing in you know that they know each other. You know this because conversation although quite short and precise is warm and humorous. Comments such as â€Å"Long time no see† and â€Å"Ready to save the world again† show that they have worked together before and shows the Bonds between them as being friendly. The fact that the character who we now know to be Alec Trevelyan has moved into the light maybe suggests that he is on Bonds side. Th light illustrates the good and the dark represents all evil. This is ironic because la ter in the film Alec betrays Bond and turns out to be working as a double agent. Wit and Humour are clearly evident in this scene after being told that he is late Bond tells Alec that he had to â€Å"Make a quick stop in the bathroom.† This has a double meaning and could make the audience laugh. Most of Alecs comments in this scene are ironic because instead of saving the world he’s actually trying to bring social disorder and destruction. The use of timers when they both enter the nerve gas storage area adds to the tension as it shows you that they are in trouble but you know that they have to escape as it is only the beginning of the film. The use of gadgets in this scene is again evident as Alec uses the decoder on the code panel. The next comment made is ironic as Alec says; â€Å"It’s too easy.† At this point the alarm bells start ringing and you hear the thunder of Russian Soldiers footsteps. This adds even more tension as everything has run smoothly up until this point. The camera work in this scene shows the teamwork between Alec and Bond as swift and seamless. They have rehearsed this before or it at least looks as if they have. They know exactly where each other should be and this shows the huge amount of co-operation needed to pull of a mission of this stature. The death of the Russian soldiers are all displayed n a cartoon strip way and this is because of the films certificate. Even though the audience knows that the enemies are dying there is hardly any blood, sympathy or suffering. After the falling of many Russian soldiers Ourumov, your traditional Bond villain, appears on the scene. At this point the percussive sounds of Bonds earlier meeting with the mystery person reappear and the hissing gets louder. He is displayed as your typical villain by his fraudulent and insidious grin. He has scars on his nose and looks as if he has many a story to tell. He too is full of jocular comments, which always seem to backfire on him. Bonds escape brings an appropriate end to the pre- credit sequence and although Alec is now â€Å"Dead† there is still a sense of accomplishment. To begin his escape Alec is at gunpoint. Bond is given a small length of time to â€Å"Come out with your hands above your head.† To which Bond still has a witty comment. After setting the timers to 3 minutes instead of leaving them for 6 Bond, rather exaggeratedly, throws down his rifle and steps circumspectly out just a little way. Alec tells Bond to finish the job and is then shot. Seeing as Alec has been shot leaves no reason for Bond to give himself up and after a, rather obvious, hint from Ourumov, that no one is to shoot him as they may blow the gas tanks up. Bond hides behind a trolley upon, which is stacked several tanks of Nerve gas. He rolls the trolley along the floor, which squeaks. This builds up the tension but also adds yet another bit of humour. Ourumov tells Bond he â€Å"Can’t win!† and of cour se Bond sees his escape upon a conveyor belt and he is free. The chase after this is some what prolonged. After catching up with a plane, Bond, in the process of throwing the pilot out, is thrown out himself. This knocks a bike driver off his bike and just as you think the mission is over another twist occurs. With Ourumovs men no longer in pursuit he has to catch up with the plane which is rapidly approaching the edge of a cliff, and drive it to safety. He catches up with the plane after it has gone off the cliff and he sky dives down to the plane and climbs in. Then to take the biscuit he pulls the plane out of a rather speculative nosedive and some how manages to escape unscathed. All of this shows Bond as an unreal super hero because after going through so much already you would have thought he would have given up both emotionally and physically. In the pre credit sequence there are no women. This may seem unusual for a Bond film but this is to give Bond himself the limelight, and in this sequence there is no need for women as it is just setting the scene. There are however women in the rest of the film. One is a villain who eventually gets her comeuppance and the other is a heroine as she assists Bond. She isn’t portrayed as someone who needs help with everything but she is shown as being strong, clever and also quite witty. This is another instance in which Bond films have been up dated. Women in the 1960’s were proud of how they were portrayed or if they weren’t then they weren’t bothered about how they were portrayed but today women take a more active part in society and expect to be shown how they really are. They tend to be brainier today and know how to deal with business and the development of new technology. The fast paced pre credit sequence has not only set up the audience to watch the rest of this film but it has geared them up to watch another Bond film. This is because it shows the audience what to expect in the line of stunts, gadgets and wacky and extremely unrealistic escapes. The whole of the pre- credit sequence is full of action and never actually slows down. It would be difficult to watch the rest of the film if you hadn’t seen the pre-credit sequence because even though the film is quite easy to follow most of the film action happens within the pre-credit sequence and the final sequence. Altogether Bond is portrayed as an unreal Super hero in what are quite possibly unreal situations. Or if the situations do happen then the odds against the hero/agent involved would be a whole lot higher. Bond hasn’t yet been killed because it is impossible to make the film last any longer if he is dead. Also Heroes hardly ever die in situations like this, there is Alec Trevelyan but he’s not really a hero and he’s not really dead. I think that most super heroes would probably end up dying because of old age just to show that the hero doesn’t die because he’s not up to his job. Bond is portrayed as your typical action hero in a typical action film. The series of films could go on and on not because the actor never dies, but because Bond never dies.

What does Brokeback Mountain show us about attitudes toward Essay

What does Brokeback Mountain show us about attitudes toward masculinity in the United States between 1963 and in 1983 and the possible effects of these attitudes - Essay Example imacy, especially homosexual behaviors, and these attitudes result to intolerance and inhuman treatment of gay people, as well as broken identities and families. From the 1960s to 1980s, society proscribes and controls male intimacy. Ibson illustrates the historical context of the 1950s as â€Å"hostile to male intimacy† (190). As a child, Jack has problems urinating. One time, seeing his urine all over the toilet, his father beat him up in â€Å"crazy rage† (Proulx 49). His father does not show him any tenderness at all. Since then, Jack feels estranged from his father, who always wanted him to be a man through rodeo shows. Rodeos represent the apex of traditional masculinity. It makes no sense to be riding an anxious bull, but for men, this is a rite of passage. Bull riding portrays strength, courage, and virility, which are masculine virtues. Society teaches men to ride life like a bull, whipping people on their paths. It encourages promiscuity too, which is why even when married, Ennis and Jack both talk about enjoying sex with their wives and desires for extra-marital affairs. It is interesting, nevertheless, that they rem ain faithful to one another. This depicts their powerful sense of faithfulness that they never feel for their wives or other women. Intolerance to differences is one of the main effects of homophobia. Grippi interviews Proulx who stresses that she wants â€Å"to awaken in people an [sic] empathy for diversity, for each other and the larger world.† Indeed, people who know that Ennis and Jack are lovers spit this knowledge with disgust. Alma calls Jack Twist as â€Å"Jack Nasty† (Proulx 33), and her words show that for society, homosexuality is a nasty behavior. People do not have tolerance for sexual differences. They only value heterosexual nature and treat homosexuality as a disease. Since homosexuals fear expressing their real sexual preferences, they rupture their own identities and families. Hunter asserts that Ennis and Jack resent

Legal issues and concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Legal issues and concepts - Essay Example The concept of malpractice was related to the medical profession in 1768 by Sir William Blackstone, who defined mala praxis or bad practice to include, "Injuries... by the neglect or unskillful [sic] management of [a person's] physician, surgeon, or apothecary... because it breaks the trust which the party had placed in his physician, and tends to the patient's destruction2." Tort law comes into play whenever one person harms another. Tort derives from a Latin word which means twisted. Therefore, a tort is an act that has been twisted from the benchmark or is in other words a wrong. The objective of the legal system in resolving torts is to restore the plaintiff to his previous condition; however this can prove to be impossible in many medical situations. If this is not possible, then money is awarded to compensate for the damages that the defendant caused the plaintiff. In the mid 19th century, physicians strived to obtain for medicine the status of a profession, arguing that physicians and patients were not peers and, hence their relationship should not be judged under the contract law. This change in status enabled medicine to obtain the licensing laws sought by physicians of the period. However, it also served to force malpractices into the sphere of torts, which are vaguer, easily manipulated and more subject to interpretation. A malpractice tort comprises of four criteria, first, duty to treat; second, deviation from the standard of care; third, damages; and finally, the causation of damages by the deviation, which is also known as proximate cause. Success in a malpractice action requires the plaintiff to establish that the defendant has met all the four criteria otherwise the defendant will not be held to be guilty of malpractice. Depending on the state, additional criteria might be required for allowing a case to go to a jury trial. The term duty refers to a duty to provide the standard of care, which is established when the physician patient relationship is created. It refers to the duty to show the required skill, care, and diligence that a prudent physician would have shown under similar circumstances. In the emergency department (ED), the physician and patient have no choice in choosing the relationship. The federal Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA)3 applies to EDs requires emergency physicians (EP) and hospitals to provide medical screening examination in all emergency cases, regardless of that person's paying capacity. Under EMTALA, ED and emergency medicine (EM) physicians have to provide care, whereas private practitioners need not do so. Since, EMTALA has unequivocally established the duty of a hospital and EM physician towards the patient, the premise of duty is an uncommon contention in EM malpractice cases. Causation in technical cases, like those involving medical practice can prove to be abstruse for a layperson. Further, confusion is caused by the differences between medical causation and the legal concept of causation. Legal causation or proximate cause refers to the single causative factor of injury. The defendant physician is liable for injuries if they had been of an anticipated nature. In Falcon v Memorial Hospital4, a woman after childbirth had an amniotic embolism and died due to non provision of an intravenous line, which according to the testimony, would have given her 37.5% chance to survive. The court held that this had resulted in the patient being deprived of a chance to survive

Mason Multi agent model to visualize the bonus culture strategy over Dissertation

Mason Multi agent model to visualize the bonus culture strategy over the traders' incentives - Dissertation Example As the global economy begins to record significant rise over the years, businesses and organizations are doing everything possible to get their fair share of the rise in profits. These people are indeed right to react as such as the world saw worse forms of economic meltdown in the past five years. However, it takes the putting together of a lot of factors to earn a place in the world’s current climate. To producers and manufactures, determining the economic desires of their traders and customers and reacting in a manner that meets these desires is very crucial. It has been said that one of the best ways producers and manufacturers can satisfy their traders and customers is by putting in place very attractive incentives. Incentives come in different forms and it has been argued that the kind of incentive put in place for traders and customers actually determine the kind of behavior that is going to be displayed by traders and customers in their service to manufacturers and pro ducers. To this effect, it has also been argued among most corporate researchers that the bonus culture is a kind of incentive that has massive impact in ensuring that traders dance according to the rhythm of their masters. This is basically to say that bonus culture is an effective way of motivating traders. All said and than, it is important for entrepreneurs and corporate managers to have systems in place that checks the behavior of traders and the impact it makes on their business. The research problem covers three major important components of literature. Firstly, there is the issue of the multi-agent based model. With this, it is worth emphasizing that the multi-agent model shall be the Mason Multi agent model. With the model understudy, the researcher shall have the opportunity to analyze the impact of the technological growth that the world is experiencing now. This is to say that the mason multi-agent model is an innovation in information and communication technology that has come to ease the task of assessing the performance of any business or corporate outfit. The second concept shall be on issue of bonus culture as relates to traders. Under this, the research shall draw a line between bonus culture and trader incentive to see if it is actually possible adopting bonus culture as a workable form of incentive for traders and other business associates. Finally, the issue of trader behavior shall be looked at. Trader behavior is actually going to be the foc al point of the research. This is because the first two concepts are all related to trader behavior in one way or the other. In the light of this, the Mason multi-agent model shall be used to analyze the behavior of given traders of a given organization over a given period of time. Depending on the outcome of the visualization of the model on the trader behavior, the bonus culture shall be employed as an intervention for either bettering the trader behavior or improving it. Main Objective The research has been set out mainly to have an intervention in place to better the behavior traders of a given company. The progress of the intervention shall be analyzed using the Mason Multi-Agent Model. To achieve this all important objective, there are a series of specific objectives that need to achieved in order achieve the overall objective. Specific Objectives The review of related literature, collection of data for the research as well as data analysis shall be done based on the specific objectives set below. More to this, the achievement of the specific objectives shall amount to the achievement of the overall main objective of the research. The specific objectives are: 1. Explore the meaning of the Mason Multi-agent model 2. Find the role of the Mason multi-agent model in business monitoring and evaluation 3. Identify the different behaviors that could

Study the nature of impulse buying

Study the nature of impulse buying Literature review Many researches have been carried out to study the nature of impulse buying and various factors that affect it. Impulse buying is influenced by a variety of economic, situational, personality, time, location and even cultural factors. Researches have also been conducted to understand the underlying motivational factors behind impulse buying. Similarly researches have been conducted to study factors that moderate impulse buying behavior. Consumers engage in impulse buying to satisfy hedonic desires for fun, novelty and variety; also impulsiveness is correlated with consumers desires to fulfill self-esteem and self-actualization needs. In the early stages research on impulse buying behavior was product-focused, as only products were held responsible for exciting people for unplanned purchases. The researchers directed their efforts and attention only to the type and characteristics of products and other factors associated with the availability display etc. of products in stores. But later on, from the last few decades, the researchers focused on customers rather then products as being the cause of impulse buying. The factors like personality characteristics, income level, need to fulfill self-esteem etc. are typically responsible for impulse buying behavior. The understanding of impulse purchasing was greatly improved through Sterns identification of four distinct classifications of impulse purchasing: planned, pure, reminder and suggestion impulse purchasing. The four categories are as follows: Pure impulse buying is a novelty or escape purchasing which breaks a normal buying pattern; Reminder impulse buying occurs when a shopper sees an item and remembers that the stock at home is exhausted or low or recalls an advertisement or other information about the item and a previous decision to buy; Suggestion impulse buying occurs when a shopper sees a product for the first time and visualizes a need for it, even though he has no previous knowledge of it; and Planned impulse buying occurs when a shopper enters the store with some specific purchases in mind, but with the expectation and intention to make purchases that depend on price specials, coupon offers, and the like. (Francis Piron (1991), â€Å"DEFINING IMPULSE PURCHASING†, in Advances in Consumer Research Volume 18, eds. Rebecca H. Holman and Michael R. Solomon, Provo, UT : Association for Consumer Research, Pages: 509-514) There are some factors other then product and individual characteristics that also play an important role in generating impulse purchases. Gender Differences in Impulse buying Several previous researches on impulse buying have paid some attention to the role gender plays in determining this behavior. These researches show that men and womens shopping behavior differs on many levels. Kollat and Willet (1967) found that women tend to engage in more impulse buying as compared to men. It is also argued that women because of their propensity to shop more in general, make more impulsive purchases. Tariq Jalees (2009) also found that the level of impulsiveness in reference to buying is stronger in females as compared to males. Transaction Size affecting Impulse Buying Kollat and Willet (1967) used two measures of transaction size: number of different products purchased and the grocery bill. They found out that the increase in size of the grocery bill and number of purchases made resulted in an increase in unplanned impulse purchases. Shopping List and Impulse buying Studies conducted by Kollat and Willet (1967) indicated that one of the factors that affect impulse buying is the presence of a shopping list. This however only holds true if the transaction size is greater than 15. When more than 15 or 20 products are purchased, shoppers having a list make a smaller percentage of unplanned purchases. However, when less than 15 or 20 products are bought, the shopping list does not affect the percentage of unplanned purchases. Pre-decision stage and impulse buying The research study conducted by Muhammad Ali Tirmizi, Kashif-Ur-Rehman M. Iqbal Saif (2009) clearly indicate that there exits a weak association between consumer lifestyle, fashion involvement and post-decision stage of consumers purchasing behavior but Pre-decision stage of consumers purchasing behavior established strong association with the impulse buying behavior of the consumers. The pre-decision stage of the purchasing associate the buyers with unplanned or impulse buying because these days stores are full of variety of products and a buyer can easily get interested in purchasing a product which appeals him or her while shopping the planned list of products. (Muhammad Ali Tirmizi, Kashif-Ur-Rehman M. Iqbal Saif 2009) Group influence on impulse buying Most research in consumer psychology assumes that impulsive purchasing can be best explained by factors at the individual level, in contrast a research study conducted by Xueming Luo (2005), indicates that the presence of others influences this behavior. Presence of peers increases the urge to purchase, and the presence of family members decreases it. Visual merchandising and impulse buying Todays retail stores are almost universal in their reliance on self-service merchandising and a high rate of impulse buying. Self-service merchandising is facilitated by store design and careful attention to traffic flow, while impulse buying is enhanced by the use of special displays. Customers typically do not cruise the aisles aimlessly hoping to find something to buy. Most consumers are busy people and have a purpose to their shopping trip. Thus, impulse sales are created not by persuasive reasoning, but by striking an emotion that the customer can act upon quickly. There appear to be three mechanisms by which the impulse buying response can be triggered. First, the special display cues the customer to respond to an external advertising campaign. The display creates impulse sales by reminding customers about the extensive advertising to which they have (hopefully) been exposed. Second, the display can serve to break the consumers conditioned reflex to buy a particular product. If the consumer buys Brand A because it has become a habit, then it will be necessary for them to have a reason to break this conditioned purchase behavior. Special displays provide a way to accomplish this because the consumer is responding emotionally, not through a reasoned process. Finally, special displays create impulse sales for new or novel products by instigating the desire to â€Å"try something new!† The salient feature to remember about impulse sales is that they are a response to an emotional appeal. A successful appeal may take many forms, but those most universal and easiest to communicate are identified by simple phrases such as: â€Å"low price,† â€Å"new,† â€Å"free,† â€Å"extra,† etc. A special display is used to get the customers attention for each of these messages. A research study conducted by W.M.C.B. Wanninayake Pradeep Randiwela (2007), indicates that most of customers have given first and second priority to visual merchandising. Second and third largest amount of customers mentioned price of goods and location of the outlets. According to the literature and pilot study in Sri Lankan supermarkets, researchers recognized that lighting, design layout, product display and cleanliness are the main variables of visual merchandizing. Price discounts and impulse buying This factor is the most talked about when it comes to impulse buying. A lot of people say that they indulged in impulse buying just because something was on a discount. Deals and discounts contribute to impulse buying, and when we see something priced much lower than what we are used, that triggers a desire to get that thing and save money. A large part of all purchases are attributed to impulse buying, this is undoubtedly good for retailers, but its not as good for consumers, because a lot of impulse buys dont end up getting used at all, and one regret spending any money on them. Price promotions come in various forms, such as buy-one-get-one-free offers, coupons, and of course price discounts. Cash reward is a new popular promotional tool used at many famous department stores, apparel retailing chains, and grocery stores. Consumers can obtain a rebate when their purchase passes a threshold set by the company, as in, purchase over $100 to get a $10 cash reward. However, distinguished from other price promotions, cash rewards provide consumers freedom to choose any products within the store rather than a specific product. Cash rewards, like the conditional discount of coupons, give rebates only to consumers achieving the purchasing threshold. Facing free choice and the conditional-discount promotion, consumers may be attracted to buy merchandise in excesses their original shopping budget. Those consumers perceive gains from getting the cash reward if they reach the threshold and perceive losses from not taking advantage of the offer if they do not. Such perception generates an â€Å"artificial buying desire.† Price discounts and cash rewards do increase the possibility of occurrence of unplanned purchases, especially when a consumers shopping expenditure approaches the offers threshold. Hypotheses The hypotheses formulated after review of the literature are given below: H1: Visual merchandising has a strong influence on the impulse buying behavior of the consumers. H2: Price discounts have a strong influence on the impulse buying behavior of the consumers. The testing of the hypotheses is confined to the primary data collected from Karachi. References Kollat, D. T., Willett, R. P. (1967). Is impulse purchasing really a useful concept for marketing decisions? Journal of Marketing Research, 4, 21-31. International Review of Business Research Papers, Vol. 5 No. 6 November 2009, Pp.298-308, An Empirical Analysis Of Impulsive Buying Behavior In Pakistan Tariq Jalees* JOURNAL OF CONSUMER PSYCHOLOGY, 15(4), 288-294, Copyright  © 2005, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. How Does Shopping With Others Influence Impulsive Purchasing? Xueming Luo University of Texas at Arlington An Empirical Study of Consumer Impulse Buying Behavior in Local Markets Muhammad Ali Tirmizi, Kashif-Ur-Rehman, M. Iqbal Saif, European Journal of Scientific Research, ISSN 1450-216X Vol.28 No.4 (2009), pp.522-532  © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2009, http://www.eurojournals.com/ejsr.html W.M.C.B. Wanninayake, Pradeep Randiwela, 7th Global Conference on Business Economics, ISBN: 978-0-9742114-9-4 October 13-14, 2007, Rome, Italy

Legalized Killing Should Be Abolished Essay -- Capital Punishment

Capital punishment is the punishment by death for a crime. It is also called the death penalty. It is the only form of killing that is legalized. It may be carried out by electrocution, hanging, lethal injection, gas chamber, and firing squad. The death penalty has been banished in over one hundred and thirty countries. Capital punishment has been abolished in every industrialized nation except for the United States of America. In the United States, capital punishment has been an extremely controversial issue that divides the country and leads to disharmony. The death penalty abolition movement is growing, and some progress is being made, but there is a lot of work yet to be done. There are various organizations using different avenues to abolish the death penalty. They have been successful in New Mexico, Illinois, New Jersey and New York. These are organizations like Amnesty International, The National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty (NCADP), and The People of Faith against the Death Penalty (PFADP). Amnesty international is an eloquent and a well-known organization that is in different parts of the world. Amnesty International is one of the largest and best-known international nongovernmental organizations that are dedicated to human rights. It is a non-profit organization that was established in 1961. Amnesty means a general pardon for offenses or an act of forgiveness for past offenses. They serve several purposes on the bringing about of equality, peace and social justice. However, one of their main goals is to abolish the death penalty. They have been quite successful in many countries and some states in the United States. Amnesty International stands out, because it has good governmental contacts all around the wor... ... 2012. . Draper, Thomas. Capital Punishment. New York: H.W. Wilson, 1985. Print. Gottfried, Ted. The Death Penalty: Justice or Legalized Murder? Brookfield, CT: Twenty-First Century, 2002. Print. Illustrated Oxford Dictionary. London [etc.: Dorling Kindersley, 2003. Print. Kennedy Cuomo. â€Å"Abolish Capital Punishment† in Blot, David (Ed.) Supplementary Readings on Peace and Nonviolence. Bronx, New York: self-Published, 2008. Kronenwetter, Michael. Capital Punishment: A Reference Handbook. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2001. Print. McCarthy, Colman. "The World's Only True False Quiz on Legalized Killing." The Center for Teaching Peace. Newsletter, 2011. Weisberg, Roger and Vanessa Roth. â€Å"No Tomorrow (DVD).† Docuramafilms. A Production of Public Policy Productions, 2010.

An Inconvenient Truth

An Inconvenient Truth (Narrative Report) Through lectures, writings, and a documentary film, he sought to raise awareness of global warming. The film An Inconvenient Truth (2006) gave him a platform for illuminating the dangers of climate change before a wide audience. It received an Academy Award for best documentary. The Nobel committee cited Al Gore as â€Å"the single individual who has done most to create greater worldwide understanding of the measures that need to be adopted† to halt global warming.Given this historic blizzard, should this most recent evidence of a global warming trend be taken seriously? Is there conclusive evidence of global warming? Does global climate change have serious consequences when many of us live or travel in climate-controlled structures that are cooled in summer and heated in winter? The general consensus of the scientific community is that the earth's surface is warming.Research centers in Great Britain and the United States maintain two l ong-term data sets on global surface temperatures; the most recent data from these centers indicated that 2005 was the warmest year on record. As Al Gore discussed on the film, he mentioned that warming  temperatures  are already causing significant changes to mountain glaciers around the world, ice sheets in Greenland and the Antarctic, and polar sea ice in the Arctic. From Europe to Africa to Asia to North America, mountain glaciers have receded over the 20th century, and melting is becoming more rapid.The large-scale melting of ice may accelerate the pace of global warming in what is known as a feedback process. Because ice reflects sunlight back out to space, it has a cooling effect. Water and land, which are darker than ice, absorb and retain more heat. And he also discussed that the global average temperatures strongly suggest that global warming has actually begun to take place. This is not, however, a simple trend to document. Temporary confounding factors can mask an ov erall trend in average temperatures.He also mentioned about the ice berg in the Antartic and Artic zones. He said that the reason why it melted so fast in our century is that the stronger heat from the the sun. Mr. Al Gore is only concerned to our mother Earth today. ‘Coz he said that maybe after 50 more years, most of the lands on our planet will be submerged on water. And he also said that the risk of happening this is almost 65% in reality! Indeed, a global convention would not otherwise have been possible.It is important to remember that an alteration of the global climate system is unlikely to be one of just gradual change, but that dramatic changes and shifts are possible. Also, for any factor, such as increased high-altitude cloudiness, that could lessen the effects of global warming, there is likely to be a factor that could heighten the effects. In the end, it is common sense to do something to avert global warming. This is not a backyard experiment that humankind can walk away from. We are experimenting with the entire planet, and this is where we live. An Inconvenient Truth The movie we watched last Friday was â€Å"An Inconvenient Truth. † For me, it is entitled â€Å"An Inconvenient Truth† because the main topic there, which is climate change and climate crisis, is a very inconvenient reality that we’re facing today. The man discussing the issue was former United States Vice President Mr. Al Gore, who was a politician and a very concerned man about the environment. An Inconvenient Truth focuses on Al Gore and his travels in support of his efforts to educate the public about the severity of the climate crisis. The main issue presented in the clip wasclimate change and climate crisis. Mr. Al Gore explained this topic through a Power Point presentation. He travelled all over the world to show people this presentation. He had a vision: to convince people that global warming is a reality that we’re currently facing today and we should start taking care of Mother Earth. According to him, global warming is now melting glaciers, ice, and it is destroying the beauty of Earth. He said that the main cause of this is the Greenhouse Effect, which is caused by a lot of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) that are trapped within the Earth. The Earth was said to â€Å"breathe out† CO2. CO2 was trapped in the Earth because of the unusual thickening of the Earth’s ozone layer, and now it â€Å"breathes out† little CO2 than before. The greenhouse effect is bad to the living organisms on Earth because it contributes to a lot of damage to the planet. The human activity that caused the greatest release of greenhouse gases is the smoke released from factories. It releases harmful substances that damage our ozone layer. But, there are also other causes, such as what Mr.  Al Gore said: â€Å"Each one of us is a cause of global warming, but each one of us can make choices to change that with the things we buy, the electricity we use, the cars we drive; we can make choices to bring our individual carbon emissions to zero. The solutions are in our hands, we just have to have the determination to make it happen. We have everything that we need to reduce carbon emissions, everything but political will. But in America, the will to act is a renewable resource. Throughout the movie, Gore discusses the scientific opinion on climate change, as well as the present and future effects of global warming and stresses that climate change â€Å"is really not a political issue, so much as a moral one,† describing the consequences he believes global climate change will produce if the amount of human-generated greenhouse gases is not significantly reduced in the very near future. Gore also presents Antarctic ice coring data showing CO2 levels higher now than in the past 650,000 years. Yes, I believe Al Gore. I believe that global warming is happening right now. In the realities happening now, who wouldn’t believe that it’s happening right now? A particular event that cited why Mr. Al Gore gives proof that global warming is happening was the melting of glaciers in Antarctica and temperature rise. What inspired his interest in the issue was his college education with early climate expert Roger Revelle at Harvard University; his sister's death from lung cancer and his young son's near-fatal car accident. Gore recalls a story from his grade school years, where a fellow student asked his geography teacher about continental drift. During the film's end credits, a diaporama pops up on screen suggesting to viewers things at home they can do to combat climate change, including â€Å"recycle†, â€Å"speak up in your community†, â€Å"try to buy a hybrid vehicle†, â€Å"vote for leaders who are concerned about caring for the environment† and â€Å"encourage everyone you know to watch this movie. † Well, I’ll definitely encourage everyone to watch this movie because it really inspired me and it showed me what’s really happening in reality. I learned a lot of things in the movie, and there’s no doubt that everyone will learn a lot and be inspired by it too. An Inconvenient Truth An Inconvenient Truth (Narrative Report) Through lectures, writings, and a documentary film, he sought to raise awareness of global warming. The film An Inconvenient Truth (2006) gave him a platform for illuminating the dangers of climate change before a wide audience. It received an Academy Award for best documentary. The Nobel committee cited Al Gore as â€Å"the single individual who has done most to create greater worldwide understanding of the measures that need to be adopted† to halt global warming.Given this historic blizzard, should this most recent evidence of a global warming trend be taken seriously? Is there conclusive evidence of global warming? Does global climate change have serious consequences when many of us live or travel in climate-controlled structures that are cooled in summer and heated in winter? The general consensus of the scientific community is that the earth's surface is warming.Research centers in Great Britain and the United States maintain two l ong-term data sets on global surface temperatures; the most recent data from these centers indicated that 2005 was the warmest year on record. As Al Gore discussed on the film, he mentioned that warming  temperatures  are already causing significant changes to mountain glaciers around the world, ice sheets in Greenland and the Antarctic, and polar sea ice in the Arctic. From Europe to Africa to Asia to North America, mountain glaciers have receded over the 20th century, and melting is becoming more rapid.The large-scale melting of ice may accelerate the pace of global warming in what is known as a feedback process. Because ice reflects sunlight back out to space, it has a cooling effect. Water and land, which are darker than ice, absorb and retain more heat. And he also discussed that the global average temperatures strongly suggest that global warming has actually begun to take place. This is not, however, a simple trend to document. Temporary confounding factors can mask an ov erall trend in average temperatures.He also mentioned about the ice berg in the Antartic and Artic zones. He said that the reason why it melted so fast in our century is that the stronger heat from the the sun. Mr. Al Gore is only concerned to our mother Earth today. ‘Coz he said that maybe after 50 more years, most of the lands on our planet will be submerged on water. And he also said that the risk of happening this is almost 65% in reality! Indeed, a global convention would not otherwise have been possible.It is important to remember that an alteration of the global climate system is unlikely to be one of just gradual change, but that dramatic changes and shifts are possible. Also, for any factor, such as increased high-altitude cloudiness, that could lessen the effects of global warming, there is likely to be a factor that could heighten the effects. In the end, it is common sense to do something to avert global warming. This is not a backyard experiment that humankind can walk away from. We are experimenting with the entire planet, and this is where we live.

Audrey Flack, Pioneer of Photorealism

Audrey Flack, Pioneer of Photorealism Audrey Flack, born May 30, 1931, is an American artist. Her work, primarily painting and sculpture, has placed her at the forefront of pop art and photorealism. Fast Facts: Audrey Flack Full Name:  Audrey L. FlackOccupation: ArtistKnown For: Pioneering the photorealist genre of art, particularly with portrayals of women, everyday objects, and moments in relatively recent history.Born: May 30, 1931 in New York CityNotable Works:  Kennedy Motorcade (1964), Marilyn (Vanitas) (1977), World War II (Vanitas) (1978) Early Life and Education Flack was born in New York City in 1931, in the northern Manhattan neighborhood of Washington Heights. As a teenager, she attended a specialized arts public institution, the High School of Music and Art. Her formal art education began in 1948, when she began her studies at New York’s Cooper Union. Flack remained there until 1951 and was then recruited to Yale, largely thanks to the influence of German-American artist Josef Albers (who was then in charge of Yale’s art department). While at Yale, Flack continued developing her own style while being influenced by her teachers and mentors. In particular, her early work demonstrated an Abstract Expressionist style in the vein of Albers’ work. Flack graduated with her Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in 1952. The following year, she returned to New York and studied art history for a year at New York University’s Institute of Fine Arts. Abstract to Realism At first, Flack’s work in the 1950s was a clear offshoot of her training with abstract expressionists. She also embraced â€Å"kitschiness† in a self-aware, ironic way. However, as time went on, she began to feel that the abstract expressionist style she was utilizing was not achieving what she felt was an important goal: communicating with audiences. Because of this desire to create art that was clearer to viewers, Flack began moving towards realism. Portrait of artist Audrey Flack sits next to a painting of President John F. Kennedy and First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy riding in the back of a limousine on the day he was assassinated.   Nancy R. Schiff / Getty Images She enrolled in the Art Students League (ASL), where she studied anatomy under the tutelage of Robert Beverly Hale, and began finding inspiration in artists from past eras rather than more recent movements. Her work began to be categorized in the â€Å"New Realism† movement, and, eventually, shifted all the way into photorealism, in which an artist attempts to reproduce a photographed image as realistically as possible in a different medium. Flack was one of the first students at the ASL to fully embrace photorealism and use photographs as reference for her work. Photorealism, in many ways, is a sister genre to pop art: depicting ordinary, mundane items, often as still-lifes that imitate the realism of photography as closely as possible. In 1966, Flack became the first photorealist painter to have work in the collection at the Museum of Modern Art.   Increased Influence In some cases, Flack’s work moved past the typical still life paintings and depicted historical events. One of her most famous works is Kennedy Motorcade, November 22, 1963, which, as its title suggests, depicts a scene from the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. Her historical paintings, including her Vanitas works, often featured some kind of socio-political commentary. Her still life paintings often did as well; for instance, her paintings of female-coded items such as makeup and perfume bottles tended to involve some commentary on gender roles and constructs. Portrait of gallery owner Louis Meisel and artist Audrey Flack and her hyper-realist painting of Marilyn Monroe, New York, New York, March 10, 1978. Allan Tannenbaum / Getty Images In the early 1970s, Flack developed a new technique for her paintings. Instead of just using a photograph as a reference, she actually projected it as a slide onto the canvas, then developed an airbrushing technique to create the layers of paint. The 1970s also saw Flack paint her Vanitas series, which depicted everything from jewelry to scenes of WWII concentration camps. By the 1980s, however, Flack had switched her primary medium from painting to sculpture. She is entirely self-taught in sculpture, as opposed to her significant formal training in painting. There are also other significant differences in her sculptural works versus her paintings. For instance, where her paintings focused on ordinary objects or historical scenes, her sculptures tend to depict religious and mythological subjects. For the most part, women are depicted in her sculptures, representing somewhat idealized but imperfect and diverse variations on the female form and femininity itself. Contemporary Work In the 1990s and 2000s, Flack had a fair amount of work commissioned. At one point, she was commissioned to create a statue of Catherine of Braganza, the British queen after whom the New York City borough of Queens was named; the project met with several objections and was never completed. More recently, her statues Recording Angel  and  Colossal Head of Daphne  (both completed between 2006 and 2008) were commissioned by and installed in Nashville, Tennessee. Audrey Flacks Recording Angel statue stands outside the Schermerhorn Symphony Center in Nashville, Tennessee.   Raymond Boyd / Getty Images In more recent years, Flack has returned to her roots. Finding the photorealist movement rather â€Å"restricting,† she shifted back to Baroque influences. She wrote a book in 1986, collecting her thoughts on art and being an artist. Flack has also taught and lectured both in America and abroad. Currently, she is an honorary professor at George Washington University and a visiting professor at the University of Pennsylvania. She is based out of New York, where she splits her time between New York City and Long Island. Sources Blumberg, Naomi and Ida Yalzadeh. â€Å"Audrey Flack: American Painter and Sculptor.† Encyclopaedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Audrey-Flack.Flack, Audrey.  Art Soul: Notes on Creating, New York, Dutton, 1986.Morgan, Robert C. â€Å"Audrey Flack and the Revolution of Still Life Painting.† The Brooklyn Rail, 5 Nov. 2010, https://brooklynrail.org/2010/11/artseen/audrey-flack-and-the-revolution-of-still-life-painting.

Amazon Industry Analysis Essays

Amazon Industry Analysis Essays Amazon Industry Analysis Paper Amazon Industry Analysis Paper Analysis of Industry This Industry analysis will lad In discussing the Industry In which Amazon. Com will be located. Amazon. Com Is a part of the online retailing Industry, which allows for consumers to purchase goods using the Internet and company websites. We will also determine how the company will compete in this industry. The online retail industry is affected by many trends in the general public. Some of these trends include, cultural trends, social trends, and technological trends. E-retail allows for us to purchase goods at the convenience of ourselves, whether it be In a workplace or at mom, or on a desktop computer, a laptop, or even our phone If It permits. This eliminates the stresses and Inconveniences that come with going from store to store in search of the goods and does not require us to accomplish this within the business hours of the various businesses. As U. S. Citizens, we know and experience the necessity for technology and the Internet. These are things that are becoming a part of our daily lives more and more each day. With this cultural trend, e-retail is an industry that definitely has a chance for growth. Socially, as U. S. Citizen, we are known to be lazy. Although this can be portrayed as a bad trait, we can easily say that we simply find easier and less laborious alternatives to complete tasks. With that being said, the Internet and e-retail allows us to find almost everything that we are in search of whether it is a good or service or even Just information. Another factor involved is technological trends, which will always and even more so in the future, expand, grow, and be one of the most innovative trends. Amazon will be able to use this to not only advance their checkout and delivery process, but this will also allow them to grow their line of Kindles and smoothness. As e-retail becomes an integrative part of how consumers purchase goods, Amazon will be able to excel in this industry and has already proven to do so. Profit potential can be determined by performing a five forces analysis. There are five forces that threaten the performance of solar energy industry: buyers, substitutes, new entrants, and suppliers. The following chart describes whether these threats are low, medium, or high. Threat to Industry Profitability Low Medium High Threat of substitutes V Threat of new entrants V Rivalry among existing firms Bargaining power of suppliers Bargaining power of buyers v Substitutes are a very strong threat to the Industry. With so many various retail and online marketplaces, consumers can pretty much go anywhere to find something if Amazon is unable to fulfill their needs. Although, Amazon usually beats the prices of local and most online retailers, they still may not have the exact product or be charging a better price. Threat of new entrants is high simply because the products they offer can be offered by anyone willing to put In the amount of time and money. Granted, Amazon NAS Ana some years to expand toner product variation, out toner reduces are easily acquired and there are many different suppliers. To compete in this industry, they would need funding, marketing, networking, and an ability to forcefully put themselves out there to gain customers and, in turn, creating sales. The company would also need a niche product. With Amazon and their Kindles, smoothness, and Amazon Prime, these are the products that make Amazon stand out from the rest. The industry rivals consist of Reawaken. Com as well as Walter and Target, who have expanded their products to online retail and any brick-and-mortar retailers. Rivals also include physical stores that sell their products as well simply because what Amazon may not provide for the same price is convenience and urgency. The fact that online retail is growing also proves rivalry is high. Just like there are many rivals, there are many suppliers. These companies have to get their products from somewhere, most of which are from several name brands and other sources outside of the U. S. With this being said, since there are many suppliers, they do not have a large advantage in bargaining their products because what cannot be accomplished with one supplier can be done with another, so this is not a large wreath. In this case, buyers are those who use and/or purchase any consumer items, whether they are goods or subscriptions or services. Consumers have the option to choose how much they want to pay for what they are getting. This is when name brands and off brands come into play. Current economic conditions may also make it difficult as well because if consumers are making less income then it makes sense that consumers spend less. After evaluating the five forces, it can be concluded that most of the forces for the online retail industry are moderate to high. The threats in he industry could affect the industry profitability. With Amazon being one of the largest competitors, as of right now, they do not have much to worry about. Their reputation and popularity helps them to lead their industry as well. Target markets for this industry is technically everyone. This includes anyone who consumes any apparel, accessories, shoes, hygienic items, etc. Amazon pretty much provides any and everything a consumer would need. Growth for this industry is expected to continue to grow with the Internet and shopping online becoming increasingly popular and more useful.

Torsion Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Torsion - Lab Report Example Fenner and other (1984) indicated that the modulus of rigidity is given by the ratio of stress to shear strain often represented mathematically as ?/?. As widely cited, modulus of rigidity is essential in measuring the material’s shear stiffness and it is known to be analogous to Young’s modulus for any elastic behaviour in compression or tension (Benham, Crawford & Armstrong, 1996). Given that a ductile material component useful in providing shear, an individual need to note that the maximum shear stress is safety, which is less than the materials yield shear stress (?y). However, a brittle material the criterion of failure is based upon its tensile stress (Gere &Timoshenko, 1984). Research indicate that the theory of torsion often give the torque in form of rotation as (1) The equation 1 above is often derived from Hooke’s law and it is also valid for the shear stresses though somewhat lower than shearing proportional limit (Case, Chilver & Ross, 1993). In a so lid circular section, it has been outlined mathematically that the polar second moment of the area of cross section is given by equation (2) (Ryder, 1969) (2) This implies that from (1), it can be shown that the maximum shear stress, that occurs at r = d/2, is provided by equation (3) (3) This experiment deals with determining yield shear stress along with the modulus of rigidity for the specimen of brass and mild steel of a circular cross section. Apparatus In this experimental set up, there were various sets of apparatus used. Among them were the torsion machine, a torsion bar, a gearbox, a torque meter, two protractors, a counter, and a hand-wheel. This way, a torsion machine was used for carrying out a test involving a specimen that was accommodated within the socket at each end. The 60:1 reduction gearbox served the purpose of manually applying the angular displacement at the left- hand side. The torsion bar was essential in this experiment given that it was used for measuring the torque when at right-side with a torque meter being used for reading digital data. The two protractors listed above were vital in this experiment since they were used for purposes of measuring the rotation of the specimen. They were placed at the gearbox, in which case, one was placed at the input hand wheel along side a 6 degrees scale, while the second gearbox was placed at the specimen shaft at 360 degrees scale. The counter, on the other hand, was used in providing the number of revolutions each of which might be zeroed. Last but not least, the hand-wheel placed at the torque meter assembly was used in returning the right-hand of the given specimen back to the original position. Procedure It is worth enlisting that this lab exercise involved 2 experiments: experiment 1 and experiment 2. This implies that there were specific procedures for specific experimental set up. In experiment 1, which involved determining the modulus of rigidity G for brass and mild steel, the procedur e for the experiment involved the following steps. 1. The diameter of the each of the cylindrical portion of the specimen was measured. 2. Using the level, the torque meter hand-wheel was adjusted in ensuring that the torsion bar, as well as the deflection bar is maintained close to and as parallel as possible. 3. The dial gauge was then set to zero through rotating the outer bezel. 4. The specimen was then accommodated in the right hand hexagonal

Autism Symptoms and Early Signs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Autism Symptoms and Early Signs - Essay Example DSM-IV criteria describes the ASDs in children aged 3 years and older however, the emphasis is now given on characterizing the symptoms before three years as developmental abnormalities occur at a very young age and early intervention can also provide a good prognosis for ASD children. ASD leads to impairments in three functional spheres of influence: communication skills, both verbal and non-verbal, socialization and a deficiency of behavioral flexibility, making the child rely on routines. Autism is considered as the most prevalent among the severe developmental disorders. Classic autism was first described by Leo Lanner in 1943 and according to a 2007 report, it is estimated to occur in approximately 1 in 1000 individuals and ASD occurs in 1 in 150 individuals. Prevalence in Canada is estimated to be two per 1000 for autism and six per 1000 for the whole of the ASDs (Bryson et al 2004; Benson & Haith 2009). As mentioned earlier, the developmental abnormalities start manifesting at a very young age even before 3 years of age. Furthermore studies have provided evidence that early intervention can optimize the outcomes for the children affected with autism. Hence, early diagnosis by detecting the early signs and symptoms in the autistic children can aid early intervention and good prognosis. Before proceeding towards the symptoms and early signs of autism, it would be resourceful to overview the etiology of ASD. No singular cause can be pointed out however; the most common and popularly accepted cause is brain abnormalities and genetic etiology. Moreover, it should be made clear over here that autism is not a psychological disorder brought about by poor parenting or childhood years. One important etiological factor is the hereditary origin of autism. Cluster of unstable genes leading to brain abnormalities is also another explanation for the etiology of autism. Some other current theories which are under investigation include toxin ingestion during pregnancy an d environmental factors such as viruses (Evans & Daniels 2006). A male predomination is observed at a ratio of four to one. In monozygotic twins there is a high concordance rate around 90%. In children with pre-existing genetic disorders such as Fragile X syndrome, phenylketonuria, tuberous sclerosis, Angleman’s syndrome and Cornelia de Lange syndrome, autistic symptoms can be manifested (Benson & Haith 2009). The overview of ASD etiology exhibits genetic causes and hereditary co-relation as the main factors leading to the developmental abnormalities in the children. The core symptoms that manifest during the first two years of life represent the abnormalities in the social, communicative and cognitive developmental skills of the child. Any abnormality in the normal development of one functional domain also leads to negative outcome on the others as well. The social abnormalities of the autistic child exhibit themselves in categories of attachment, social imitation, joint att ention, orientation to social stimuli, face perception, emotion perception and expression and symbolic play. Children with autism exhibit disoriented relationships with their mothers. In autistic children the social behavior of looking at faces develops late at 12 months as compared to normal development at birth. Social behaviors such as following person’